| Crusher-destemmers are used for bulk processing
of grapes during harvest in preparation for pressing or primary fermentation.
The crushers utilize a set of aluminum rollers that crush & break the
skins to release the juice & allow the breakdown of the remaining pulp.
A screw feeder moves the grapes to the rollers to begin crushing, dropping
the skins & pulp onto a perforated grid, while a shaft with paddles
causes the stems to be separated from the grape clusters which are then
expelled to the side of the crusher. |
| The rollers should be adjusted to properly
crush & break the skins while avoiding bruising or abrading the skins
which would release phenols & excess tannin, thus adding astringency
to the must & the final product. White grapes are crushed before
pressing, while red grapes are crushed for immediate fermentation to maximize
yield of tannins & flavors, then pressed after the skins & pulp
are broken down by the fermentation process. |
SETUP & USE
-
Before using the crusher-destemmer, thoroughly familiarize yourself with
the operation of the unit. With the power disconnected, wash &
sanitize the unit including all metal components that will come into contact
with the grapes or must. Inspect the unit for loose bolts, debris
or items which may hinder the crushing operation. Lubricate all moving
parts with petroleum jelly or food grade lubricant & replace all guards
& panels before use.
-
The unit is provided with handles for two persons to move the unit.
For safety, it should be only moved by two persons. Place firmly
on stand if provided, or use a stable base.
-
Place a sanitized vessel (bucket or bin) below the drain to collect the
skins & juice.
-
Adjust the rollers to allow the grape skins to be broken & gently squeeze
the fruit to release the juice. The adjusting bolts for the rollers
should be adjusted uniformly to maintain parallel alignment of the rollers,
that is, each turn of the bolt on the right side should be matched with
a turn of the bolt on the left side.
-
Connect the unit to an adequate power source & start the machine.
Remove all vine leaves before crushing. Feed the grapes into the
hopper at a uniform rate. Do not over fill the hopper, as the stems
may be forced through the rollers into the must.
-
Work in a steady & continuous pace to allow the stems to be expelled
from the hopper & to minimize the risk of oxidization to the final
processed juice. Sulfite as recommended for the correct volume of
must.
-
Do not put hands or other objects into the hopper while the machine is
running or connected to a power source, as severe injury may result.
If clogging occurs in the stem discharge chute, remove power & carefully
remove debris from the chute.
-
The unit should be washed after the end of each day’s run. After
final processing, thoroughly wash the unit in clean water. Allow
to thoroughly air dry prior to storage.
-
Lubricate all moving parts with petroleum jelly or food grade lubricant.
-
Cover & store in a dry environment.
|
General
Instructions for Wine Presses |
| Unlike tabletop & fruit presses that use
a moving screw & plate, these presses use a stationary threaded shaft
with a ratcheting head to do the pressing with a greater amount of torque
& capacity. Select a press that will meet your pressing requirements.
Generally, 2 cases of grapes will yield 6 gallons of wine. Each case
of grapes weighs approximately 36 pounds. The #30 press will readily
accommodate two cases of grapes at one pressing. |
| Wine Press includes:
A pressed steel base with threaded shaft & drain pan.
Split wood basket with metal bands, hinges & pins.
Wood pressing plate & wood blocking.
Ratcheting head with metal knives or keys.
|
SETUP & OPERATION
Before use, disassemble the basket by removing
the pins; clean & sanitize along with any other components which will
come into contact with the grapes or juice, including wood press plates
& wood blocks. |
| Lubricate all moving parts & hinges with
petroleum jelly or a food grade lubricant. Assemble the basket onto the
metal base & secure with hinge pins. Place a clean sanitized container
under the spout to catch the juice. |
Wood blocking
You may choose to line the basket with a nylon
bag to contain large particles or pulp as a result of the pressing. Fill
the basket with grapes to within one inch of the top. Place the pressing
plate on the top of the grapes, followed by wood blocks placed at right
angles to the plate halves. Thread the ratcheting head onto the threaded
shaft, set the ratchet keys to allow clockwise operation as shown, &
lower onto the wood blocks. Ratchet key (clockwise) |
| Apply pressure on the head & begin pressing
by turning 2-3 turns in a clockwise direction. Pause until the juice no
longer runs, then continue pressing in 2-3 turn intervals. Stop when
the head reaches the top of the basket. Ratchet key (counterclockwise) |
| Reverse the ratcheting head as shown &
raise to add more wood blocks at right angles to the previous ones. |
| Lower the head to the blocks & repeat
the pressing operation until all of the grapes have been reduced to 1/3
of the original volume or the ratchet turns with excessive resistance.
To prevent damage to the press do not use levering devices longer than
supplied with the unit. Raise the ratcheting head & remove the wood
blocks & pressing plate from the basket. Remove the hinge pins, open
the cage & remove the pomace. |
| If you wish to do a second pressing, place
the pomace in a sanitized large container & break up with a ladle or
large spoon & place back into the cage. Repeat the pressing cycle
until all juice has been satisfactorily removed. This step is sometimes
called the second run or pressing. The second pressing should be
avoided if you are making wine for quality over quantity. The second
pressing is of lesser quality, since some oxidization occurs & excessive
tannins & harshness from the skins & pulp will be pressed into
the wine. |
Large Ratchet Head
The larger presses #40 & #45 are supplied
with a two slot ratcheting head which will operate fast (key in inner slot)
or slow (key in outer slot). More pressing torque is available at
the slow setting. |
| To keep the press in proper operating condition
& provide long reliable service, perform the following procedure after
completing pressing for the season: |
|
Clean all components with water & allow to dry thoroughly.
Re-lubricate all moving components of the ratchet head & basket
hinges.
Tighten any loose bolts. Service & replace any damaged
or worn parts.
Cover & store the press in a dry environment.
|