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How To Make Hot Sauce
Please read
this complete booklet prior to starting your hot sauce adventure.
There are many tips and techniques within the text that will help you avoid
trouble later.
How Hot Is It
The heat in hot sauce comes from
the capsaicin compound found in all hot peppers. The human tongue
can detect as little as 1 part per million of capsaicin. The amount
of capsaicin in a type of pepper determines how hot the taste will be.
The Scoville Heat Units (SHU) scale was developed in 1912 by William Scoville
to rate the preserved heat of hot peppers. SHU rating identifies
the parts per million of capsaicin in a pepper. The SHU numbers
given here are standard averages based on the best data available.
The actual capsaicin level of a given pepper will vary due to growing conditions,
age since harvest and other natural factors.
Using Pepper Mash
The best hot sauces are made from
pepper mash which is a fermented product. This type of fermentation
is call dry or salt fermentation and little is understood about the exact
process other than it makes better hot sauce. The pepper mash is
pure pepper. They are not concentrates or blends. Please treat these
products using the safety guidelines under Handling Hot Peppers.
Preparing
Fresh Peppers
Using fresh peppers from the farmers
market or your own garden will make high quality hot sauces. Peppers purchased
from the supermarket will work as well but they may be old and are usually
waxed to make them more attractive.
There are two methods of preparing
peppers for your sauce. One is to blanch the peppers and the other
is to roast them. In both methods, the safety instructions are the same.
The capsaicin mentioned above is not only hot on the tongue, it is brutal
on the eyes or in cuts on your fingers. When preparing peppers you
can wear rubber gloves to protect your hands and keep your hands clean.
capsaicin has a way of staying on your hands even after washing.
Safety glasses will help you avoid splashes or touching your eyes while
cutting and cleaning peppers. For more information on hot peppers
see our book Grow the Best Peppers.
Cleaning & Blanching
Cleaning your peppers of all veins
and seeds will reduce the bitter and hot character greatly. This
also applies to sweet red and green peppers. Wash the whole peppers
in running water to remove any pesticides and dirt. Remove the stem
end of the pepper and then cut the pepper along its length into quarters.
Lay each quarter flat on the cutting board and slice out the seeds and
veins. Any good flesh left around the stem can be cut away too.
Wash the cleaned peppers again in running water.
Prepare a boiling pot of enough
distilled white vinegar to cover the cleaned peppers. Do not use
any aluminum cookware. The acids in the vinegar and the peppers will
break down the aluminum and put it in your sauce! The steam from
boiling vinegar is very strong. Avoid breathing it. Place the
peppers into the boiling vinegar for 2 or 3 minutes. This will kill
any bacteria and soften the pepper flesh making it easier to process.
Remove the peppers and allow to drain. Save the vinegar for use in
your recipes and blanching more peppers later.
Roasting
Peppers
Sauces and salsas made with fresh
roasted peppers have that extra flavor only an open flame can provide.
Wash the whole peppers in running water to remove any pesticides and dirt.
Place the peppers over low heat on you gas grill or the burner of a gas
stove. Turn the peppers regularly and allow them to roast until the
skin blisters and turns black. Place the hot peppers into a clean
brown pepper bag and close it up. Allow them to cool for 10 to 15 minutes.
Remove the peppers from the bag and peel away the burnt skin with your
hands or a soft cloth. Remove the veins and seeds as described above.
There is no need to blanch roasted peppers.
Other
Fresh Ingredients
Adding fresh fruits, vegetables
and herbs to your recipes will liven them up and make the sauce more complex.
Almost any thing can be used as long as you think the flavor combinations
will taste good. The one concern with fresh additives is the amount
of moisture they will add to the recipe and the natural bitterness of seeds
and skins.
Fresh Tomatoes
To remove the excess moisture and
seeds from fresh tomatoes, cut the tomato in half across it's middle leaving
a the stem on one half. Hold the half with the skin side up and gently
squeeze the liquid and seeds out. If you wish to remove the skin, place
the seeded tomatoes into boiling water for 3 minutes. The skin will loosen
and peel right off. Seeded tomatoes can also be roasted just like
peppers. Roasting also removes more moisture. The best substitute
for fresh tomato is canned tomato juice.
Fresh Fruit
Fruits can be added to any hot sauce
recipe to increase sweetness and flavor. All peel and rind must be
removed because it is extremely bitter. Seeds must be removed too!
Pulpy fruit like orange and pineapple should be strained unless you are
using a food mill as described under Food Processors. The stringy
pulp fibers will plug up the dropper inserts in the bottles. Canned
or frozen fruit juice works well in place of fresh. There is also
the added advantage of the addition flavoring that can be gained from using
frozen concentrates.
Fresh Herbs
Adding fresh herbs to your recipes
will increase flavors and let you put in your own special touch.
Fresh herbs must be washed and chopped prior to use. Do not use the
plant stems. You must use a food mill as described under Food Processors
in order to remove the herb particles which will plug up your dropper bottles.
Other
Spices
The use of ground spices is an easy
way to add your own touch to any hot sauce recipe. Your kit includes
a variety of spices for use in the recipes given here. Please remember
that dried and ground spices, which are fresh, have a stronger more concentrated
flavor. You may need to experiment with how much to use in order
to suit your taste. See our complete line of Hot
Spices.
Food
Processors
An electric food processor is perfect
for blending ingredients prior to cooking but it is not necessary.
A good sharp knife and clean cutting board will do the job too. You
should never use an electric food processor after the cooking stage.
The reason is the amount of air these machines pump into whatever is being
blended.
After cooking, it is a good idea
to run your sauce through a hand crank food mill. These are inexpensive
and they are designed specifically for making smooth purees. If one
is not available, a kitchen sieve will also work. The objective is
to remove or crush any solid matter left in the sauce and squeeze out every
drop.
Cooking
Methods
Cooking your hot sauce will help
blend the flavors together, break down pieces of solid ingredients and
pasteurize the sauce. It is an important step which should only be
skipped if the sauce will be used up completely within two days.
The recipes given here will make one 5 ounce bottle of sauce and include
instructions for cooking the sauce in the microwave oven. This is
a quick way to make a small batch without a lot of cleanup.
Larger batches and some recipes you develop may require cooking the sauce
on the stove top. The stove top method offers more control over the
cooking process. Your sauce should be simmered over low heat for
at least 5 minutes. Constant stirring will prevent boiling and assure
that all ingredients are well blended.
Hot
Pack Instructions
The hot sauce bottles included with
the kit are primarily for the thin, vinegar based hot pepper sauce recipes.
Since the bottles come with dropper fitments, they are ideal for a thin
condiment. If you would like to use them for the thicker sauces or
your hot sauce contains larger particulates, just omit the dropper fitment.
To sanitize and prepare your bottles
for filling, place the empty bottles in a pot, and cover and fill the bottles
with water. Bring the pot of water to a boil and boil the bottles
for 5 minutes. Turn off heat; remove the bottles using tongs and
hold upside down to remove the water. Do not boil the dropper fitments
or caps.
Hold the bottle with a dry towel
and fill it with the cooked sauce using the funnel. It may help to
first pour the cooked sauce into a clean measuring cup with a spout and
then pour into the funnel from the measuring cup. Place the dropper
cap on the bottle and screw the cap on tight. Turn the bottle upside
down and let set for 5 minutes; this will sanitize the lid. If you
choose to use the tamper proof seals, you can use a hairdryer to shrink
them in place over the cap.
Your bottled sauces should be stored
refrigerated. We make this recommendation for your safety.
Since we do not know the exact recipes you prepare, the ingredients used
or their condition, we cannot make any claim to the stability of your sauces
or their shelf life.
Canning
You may choose to package your hot
sauce using standard canning methods, however, it must be properly heat
processed in order to ensure safety and shelf life. The pH or acidity
of your sauce will determine the canning method to use. Fresh peppers
are considered a low acid food. Tomato products can sometimes be
borderline high or low acid and would require different canning methods
based on the level of acid. You should consult your local agriculture
extension service for proper canning instructions for your specific sauce.
The following is a link to a home
canning fact sheet from Ohio State University: http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/5338.html.
Aging
Your hot sauce is going to improve
with age. Keep the sauce in the refrigerator for at least one week
prior to using it. The longer the sauce ages, the more complex the
flavor will become. Properly packed hot sauce will last six to nine
months unopened.
Hot Sauce Recipes
There are two methods given for
each of our recipes. Feel free to mix and match, develop your own
recipes and be creative. Be sure to take notes every time you prepare
a recipe. You will need those notes to recreate the sauces you like
best. You can adjust the heat of a recipe by adding more or less hot pepper. |
Garlic Lover's Hot Sauce
Pepper
Mash Method
2 Tbs.
Cayenne Mash
1 tsp.
Garlic Powder
1 ea.
Plum Tomato
1/4 cup
Distilled White Vinegar
1 tsp.
Black Cumin
1/2 tsp.
Curry Powder
1 tsp.
Allspice
1 Tbs.
Sugar
1/4 tsp.
Salt
Prepare
tomato as described under Fresh Tomatoes. Place all ingredients into
a food processor and puree until smooth. Place puree into a microwaveable
glass measuring cup and add vinegar to make 5 ounces. Microwave until
mixture starts to steam. Remove from oven and mix well. Return
to oven and heat again. Stir mixture and bottle as described under
Hot Pack Instructions. |
|
|
Fresh
Pepper Method
6 ea.
Cayenne Peppers
4 ea.
Garlic Clove
1/4 cup
Distilled White Vinegar
1 ea.
Plum Tomato
1 tsp.
Black Cumin
1/2 tsp.
Curry Powder
1 tsp.
Allspice
1 Tbs.
Sugar
1/2 tsp.
Salt
Seed
and blanch peppers as described under Preparing Fresh Peppers. Prepare
tomato as described under Fresh Tomatoes. Place all ingredients into
a food processor and puree until smooth. Place puree into a microwaveable
glass measuring cup and add vinegar to make 5 ounces. Microwave until
mixture starts to steam. Remove from oven and mix well. Return
to oven and heat again. Stir mixture and bottle as described under
Hot Pack Instructions. |
|
|
| BERMUDA
BURNER HOT SAUCE |
Pepper
Mash Method
|
3
|
tsp. |
Habanero
Mash |
|
1-1/2
|
tsp. |
Garlic
Powder |
|
1/4
|
cup |
Distilled
White Vinegar |
|
1/4
|
cup |
Diced
Onion |
|
1-1/2
|
tsp. |
Jamaican
Jerk |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Ginger |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Allspice |
|
1/2
|
cup |
Mango |
|
1
|
Tbs. |
Molasses |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Salt |
Prepare
fruit as described under
Other Fresh Ingredients.
Place all ingredients into a food processor and puree until smooth.
Place puree into a microwaveable glass measuring cup and add vinegar to
make 5 ounces. Microwave until mixture starts to steam. Remove
from oven and mix well. Return to oven and heat again. Stir mixture and
bottle as described under Hot Pack Instructions. |
|
Fresh
Pepper Method
|
4
|
ea. |
Habanero
Peppers |
|
3
|
ea. |
Cloves
of Garlic |
|
1/4
|
cup |
Distilled
White Vinegar |
|
1/4
|
cup |
Diced
Onion |
|
1-1/2
|
tsp. |
Jamaican
Jerk |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Ginger |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Allspice |
|
1/2
|
cup |
Mango |
|
1
|
Tbs. |
Molasses |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Salt |
Seed and
blanch peppers as described under Preparing Fresh
Peppers. Prepare fruit as described under Other
Fresh Ingredients. Place all ingredients into a food processor
and puree until smooth. Place puree into a microwaveable glass measuring
cup and add vinegar to make 5 ounces. Microwave until mixture starts
to steam. Remove from oven and mix well. Return to oven and
heat again. Stir mixture and bottle as described under Hot
Pack Instructions. |
| SOUTHWEST
HOT SAUCE |
Pepper
Mash Method
|
2
|
Tbs. |
Jalapeno
Mash |
|
1
|
ea. |
Red
Bell Pepper (roasted) |
|
1/2
|
cup |
Distilled
White Vinegar |
|
1
|
ea. |
Garlic
Clove |
|
1-1/2
|
Tbs. |
Ancho
Pepper |
|
1-1/2
|
tsp. |
Curry
Powder |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Black
Cumin |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Salt |
Roast
and peel red pepper as described under Preparing
Fresh Peppers. Place all ingredients into a food processor and
puree until smooth. Place puree into a microwaveable glass measuring cup
and add vinegar to make 5 ounces. Microwave until mixture starts
to steam. Remove from oven and mix well. Return to oven and
heat again. Stir mixture and bottle as described under
Hot
Pack Instructions. |
|
Fresh
Pepper Method
|
6
|
ea. |
Jalapeno
Peppers |
|
1
|
ea. |
Red
Bell Pepper (roasted) |
|
1/2
|
cup |
Distilled
White Vinegar |
|
1
|
ea. |
Garlic
Clove |
|
1-1/2
|
Tbs. |
Ancho
Pepper |
|
1-1/2
|
tsp. |
Curry
Powder |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Black
Cumin |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Salt |
Seed and
blanch Cayenne peppers as described under
Preparing
Fresh Peppers. Roast and peel red pepper as described under Preparing
Fresh Peppers. Place all ingredients into a food processor and
puree until smooth. Place puree into a microwaveable glass measuring
cup and add vinegar to make 5 ounces. Microwave until mixture starts
to steam. Remove from oven and mix well. Return to oven and
heat again. Stir mixture and bottle as described under Hot
Pack Instructions. |
| ROASTED
JALAPENO HOT SAUCE |
Pepper
Mash Method
|
2
|
ea. |
Sweet
Green Peppers (roasted) |
|
3
|
tsp. |
Jalapeno
Mash |
|
1/4
|
cup |
Distilled
White Vinegar |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Chipolte
Pepper (smoked Jalapeno) |
|
2
|
ea. |
Garlic
Clove |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Curry
Powder |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Black
Cumin |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Salt |
Roast
and peel peppers as described under Preparing Fresh
Peppers. Place all ingredients into a food processor and puree
until smooth. Place puree into a microwaveable glass measuring cup
and add vinegar to make 5 ounces. Microwave until mixture starts
to steam. Remove from oven and mix well. Return to oven and
heat again. Stir mixture and bottle as described under Hot
Pack Instructions. |
|
Fresh
Pepper Method
|
2
|
ea. |
Sweet
Green Peppers (roasted) |
|
3
|
ea. |
Jalapeno
Peppers (roasted) |
|
1/4
|
cup |
Distilled
White Vinegar |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Chipolte
Pepper (smoked Jalapeno) |
|
2
|
ea. |
Garlic
Clove |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Curry
Powder |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Black
Cumin |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Salt |
Roast
and peel peppers as described under
Preparing Fresh
Peppers. Place all ingredients into a food processor and puree until
smooth. Place puree into a microwaveable glass measuring cup and
add vinegar to make 5 ounces. Microwave until mixture starts to steam.
Remove from oven and mix well. Return to oven and heat again.
Stir mixture and bottle as described under Hot Pack
Instructions. |
| SCARY
HALLOWENO ORANGE HOT SAUCE |
Pepper
Mash Method
|
3
|
tsp. |
Habanero
Mash |
|
1
|
cup |
Orange
peeled and seeded |
|
1/4
|
cup |
Distilled
White Vinegar |
|
1
|
Tbs. |
Sugar |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Lemon
Juice |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Black
Cumin |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Ginger |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Salt |
Prepare
fruit as described under
Other Fresh Ingredients.
Place all ingredients into a food processor and puree until smooth. Place
puree into a microwaveable glass measuring cup and add vinegar to make
5 ounces. Microwave until mixture starts to steam. Remove from oven and
mix well. Return to oven and heat again. Stir mixture and bottle as described
under Hot Pack Instructions. |
|
Fresh
Pepper Method
|
3
|
ea. |
Habanero
Peppers |
|
1
|
cup |
Orange
peeled and seeded |
|
1/4
|
cup |
Distilled
White Vinegar |
|
1
|
Tbs. |
Sugar |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Lemon
Juice |
|
1/2
|
tsp. |
Black
Cumin |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Ginger |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Salt |
Seed and
blanch peppers as described under Preparing Fresh
Peppers. Prepare fruit as described under Other
Fresh Ingredients. Place all ingredients into a food processor and
puree until smooth. Place puree into a microwaveable glass measuring cup
and add vinegar to make 5 ounces. Microwave until mixture starts to steam.
Remove from oven and mix well. Return to oven and heat again. Stir mixture
and bottle as described under Hot Pack Instructions. |
| JUST
THE PEPPERS HOT SAUCE |
| Pepper
Mash Method
Seed and
blanch red pepper as described under Preparing
Fresh Peppers. Place all ingredients into a food processor and
puree until smooth. Place puree into a microwaveable glass measuring
cup and add vinegar to make 5 ounces. Microwave until mixture starts
to steam. Remove from oven and mix well. Return to oven and
heat again. Stir mixture and bottle as described under
Hot
Pack Instructions. |
|
Fresh
Pepper Method
|
2
|
ea. |
Habanero
or Scotch Bonnet Peppers |
|
1
|
ea. |
Sweet
Red Pepper |
|
2
|
ea. |
Jalapeno
Peppers |
|
1/4
|
cup |
Distilled
White Vinegar |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Sugar |
|
1
|
tsp. |
Salt |
Seed and
blanch peppers as described under Preparing Fresh
Peppers. Place all ingredients into a food processor and puree
until smooth. Place puree into a microwaveable glass measuring cup
and add vinegar to make 5 ounces. Microwave until mixture starts
to steam. Remove from oven and mix well. Return to oven
and heat again. Stir mixture and bottle as described under Hot
Pack Instructions. |
|
|
copyright
2007 J.R.Leverentz
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